SCENARIUSZ LEKCJI (Lesson plan)

 

Część ogólna (General)

Szkoła(School): Zespół Szkół Publicznych nr 4 im. M. Curie Skłodowskiej.

Klasa(Class):V Data:27.03.2014r.
 

Temat lekcji(Topic): Systemy obronne zamków(Castle defences).

Cele kształcenia – wymagania ogólne(Objective):

            Zapoznanie uczniów z systemami obronnymi średniowiecznych zamków.(The objective is to get children to know defence systems of mediewal castle).

Treści nauczania – wymagania szczegółowe(Content):

Uczeń(A student):

- pozna historię rozwoju zamków.( Students will learn the very beginnings of Castels development)

- pozna części składowe systemów obronnych zamków. ( They will learn parts of a Castel that are concerned with its defence system).

- dowie się co było powodem zaprzestania budowy zamków.( They will find out the reasons why the castles were stopped being butilt)       

 

 

Metody i techniki dydaktyczne( Methods of instruction): Wykład, metoda audiowizualna, demonstracja. (Lecture, Audio Visuals, and Deminstration).

Środki i pomoce dydaktyczne(tools/equipment):Computer, e-board, prezentacja PowerPoint, tablica. (Computer, e-board,PowerPoint presentation Album_fotograficzny.pptx ,Whiteboard)

Część szczegółowa

Przebieg lekcji (Lesson steps):

1. Wprowadzenie (Introduction)

 

Przywitanie się z uczniami, następnie zapoznanie z tematyką zajęć. Nauczyciel opowiada o typach domostw w których mieszkamy, następnie nawiązuje do przeszłości wprowadzając pojęcie zamku oraz jego systemu obronnego.( The teacher greets pupils and then introduces the topic. First, he runs the students through all existing types of households, only to introduce a main topic. He explains a term ‘Castle defences”) 

 

2. Rozwinięcie (Main body)

 

Uczniowi zostają zapoznani z różnymi typami systemów obronnych związanych z zamkami poprzez prezentację w PowerPoincie.( All the existing castel defences are explained to students, and then students get the key words explained in the lesson as well as its written definitions on a piece of paper to solve.)

 

3. Zakończenie (Closure)

 

Nauczyciel wyjaśnia uczniom, że ta lekcja oraz informacje w niej zawarte posłużą do realizacji kolejnych zajęć.( The teacher advises students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson. Assign study materials for the next lesson)

.

 

 

Castle defences!- system obronny zamku!

A castle was built to withstand attack from enemy. Castle builders added many defensive features to make their castles difficult to attack. Many castles were built on high ground with clear views of the surrounding land.

1.  Moats - fosa

Attackers were easy to shoot whilst swimming or rowing across the moats filled with water.

Moats reduced the risk of tunnelling under the castle.

       2. Ramparts - szaniec

Ramparts were steep banks of earth or rubble. Attackers had to climb over them to get closer to the castle.

       3. High walls – mury obronne.

The walls of the castles were very high making it hard for attackers to climb over.

Can you see the people in the photograph?
They look so tiny compared to the huge entrance to Bodiam Castle.

    4. Curtain walls – ściana kurtynowa

Tall thick curtain walls surrounded the castle buildings like a strong shield.

There were few doors in the wall thus limiting access to the castle.

5. Flanking Towers - baszty

Towers built as part of the curtain wall. Castles with curtain walls with flanking towers were more difficult to capture. A good early example of a castle with flanking towers is Framlingham in Suffolk. Along the curtain wall, at intervals, are thirteen square or rectangular towers.

6. Battlements – blanki.

The top of the castle walls were the battlements, a protective, tooth shaped parapet often with a wall walk behind it for the soldiers to stand on. The defenders could fire missiles through gaps (crenels). The raised sections between, called merlons, helped to shelter the defenders during an enemy attack.

 

7. Gateway defences – systemy obronne bram wjazdowych.

The entrance to the castle was always its weakest point.

Drawbridges could be pulled up, preventing access across moats.

Tall gate towers meant that defenders could shoot down in safety at attacks below.

The main spiked wooden or metal barrier, called portcullis, helped protect the doors from fire and battering. It was lowered by chains from a chamber above the gateway.

The word portcullis comes from the Old French porte-coleice, meaning sliding door.

 gate or door to the castle was usually a thick, iron-studded wooden door, that was hard to break through.

9. Murder Holes – mordownia.

Murder holes were openings in the ceiling just in front of a gate or in the passage beyond. They were so called because it was believed that they were used by defenders in the chamber above to drop hot liquids down on the unfortunate attacker.

10. Arrow and Gun Loops – ambrazura (otwór strzelniczy)

These provided a safer means of firing arrows on the attackers of the castle. They are found in many different styles on the curtain wall and towers of the castle.

 

Why did they stop building castles?

Castles were great defences against the enemy. However, when gunpowder was invented the castles stopped being an effective form of defence.

By the end of the 1300s gunpowder was widely in use. The medieval castle with its high vertical walls was no longer the invincible fortification it had been.